"And I do not believe that, under the present circumstances, with the present tone, and language and approach of the current administration in Washington, you would have much prospect."
Iran maintains its nuclear programme is solely for peaceful civilian purposes.
The US president has long complained that the accord - signed by the US, Iran, Europe, Russia, China and Germany - does nothing to halt Iran's support for militant groups in the region such as Hezbollah.
Mr Trump is also demanding that signatories to the pact agree permanent restrictions on Iran's uranium enrichment.
Under the current deal they are set to expire in 2025.
Mr Macron, on a three-day visit to the US, is the first foreign leader to be treated to a state visit during the Trump presidency.
"We do have a very special relationship," Mr Trump told journalists gathered in the Oval Office.
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